Delve into the vast repository of knowledge contained within "The Encyclopaedia Britannica, Volume 23." This meticulously compiled dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literature represents a cornerstone of scholarly endeavor. Edited by Day Otis Kellogg and William Robertson Smith, this volume continues the tradition of providing comprehensive and authoritative information on a wide range of subjects. As a vital component of the complete "Encyclopaedia Britannica," Volume 23 offers readers an unparalleled opportunity to explore diverse fields of study, from the intricacies of scientific discovery to the nuances of artistic expression. Whether you are a student, researcher, or simply a curious reader, this volume promises to enrich your understanding of the world and expand your intellectual horizons. Discover the enduring legacy of "The Encyclopaedia Britannica," a timeless resource for seekers of knowledge.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.