Translation is the process of conveying the meaning of a source-language text through an equivalent target-language text. Interpretation, a specific type of translation, involves producing a target-language output based on a single exposure to the source text. The cognitive scientific approach to translation explores the brain processes involved in performing this complex task. Research in cognitive translation employs various methods to examine how different individuals approach translation across diverse text types and contexts. These methods include introspection, EEG measurements, theoretical analysis, interviews, think-aloud protocols, participant observation, screen logging, and eye-tracking. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to translational studies. It explores all the important aspects of the discipline in the present day scenario. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.