This book provides unique insight into the intellectual life and economic ideas of Ferdinando Galiani. By placing his work within the development of economic science in the 18th century, it synthesises his ideas and places them within the history of economic thought. The key economic themes within Galiani's work, alongside his innovative methodology, are highlighted to show the originality of his work and the depth of his ideas. A particular focus is given to his work on monetary theory and his contribution to our understanding of the theory of value, the characteristics of monetary systems, the origin of money, and the nature of interest and exchange rates. This book explores the influence of Ferdinando Galiani on both 18th century Europe and modern economics. It will be of relevant to students and researchers interested in monetary policy and the history of economic thought.