This handbook brings together cutting-edge academic research and expert policy analysis across fiscal, monetary, structural, and environmental domains. Public debt continues to rise at an unprecedented pace. According to OECD projections, sovereign bond issuance among advanced economies is expected to reach USD 17 trillion by the end of 2025, up from USD 14 trillion in 2024. In emerging and developing economies, issuance has surged from USD 1 trillion in 2023 to USD 3 trillion in 2024--a threefold increase, underscoring the growing fiscal burden.It explores strategies for stabilizing public debt ratios and enhancing the efficiency of public expenditure, while addressing inflationary pressures and promoting sustainable, environmentally conscious growth. Structured in nine parts and comprising 36 chapters with 75 contributors--including many of the field's most prominent scholars and practitioners--this comprehensive handbook examines public debt dynamics both within and beyond the framework of fiscal dominance. It will be an indispensable resource for academics, researchers, and students in public finance, as well as central bankers and policymakers engaged in shaping the future of fiscal and monetary governance.