This book offers the first critical edition and English translation of Vincenzo Figliucci's Stanze sopra le stelle e macchie solari scoperte col nuovo occhiale (1615), a captivating poetic response to Galileo's astronomical discoveries. Written by a Jesuit mathematician and moral theologian, this overlooked work reveals how vernacular poetry could illuminate, mediate, and circulate new scientific knowledge in early modern Italy, and how science, in turn, could reshape poetic language, themes, and forms as it sought expression beyond the boundaries of learned discourse. Weaving together inherited cosmological and philosophical frameworks into the cultural, religious, and linguistic debates of its time, Figliucci's poem uncovers a compelling and little-explored chapter in the intellectual history of the Scientific Revolution.