This book explores how sustainability and accountability are reshaping the way companies assess and manage performance across global supply chains. Faced with growing stakeholder and regulatory pressure, organizations are called to integrate non-financial metrics into strategic decision-making and to report transparently on their social and environmental impacts. Grounded in a systematic literature review, the volume offers a comprehensive analysis of the intersection between sustainability, accountability, and supply chain management. It develops a conceptual framework for understanding how corporate performance evaluation can evolve to include broader dimensions of responsibility, aligning with emerging standards and institutional expectations. Aimed at scholars, practitioners, and policy-makers, this work provides both an overview of current debates and a structured research agenda for future inquiry. It stands as a timely contribution to advancing sustainable and accountable business practices in an increasingly interconnected economy.