The UEMOA region is faced with a lack of energy infrastructure. Against a backdrop of financing shortfalls, public-private partnerships are emerging as a financing method being considered by UEMOA countries to offset this energy deficit. However, the performance of these public-private partnerships remains poorly understood. The general objective of this research is to assess and explain the performance of energy projects carried out under public-private partnerships. The methodology adopted is based on a constructivist epistemological posture and a qualitative approach based on the strategy of case studies in two countries: Burkina Faso and Côte-d'Ivoire. Data is collected through semi-structured interviews with key players involved in the PPP projects studied. These data were subjected to categorical content analysis. Strategic and managerial recommendations are formulated to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, governance and contribution of PPPs to the economic and social development of UEMOA countries.