This book integrates the results of the most recent research on physical activity in rural Cuba. It offers the reader a comprehensive vision of its patterns and socioeconomic determinants in different population groups. It also addresses the evolution and current state of studies on physical activity in Cuba, the growing interest of the Cuban academic community in this subject from a perspective that goes beyond the traditional gymnastic-sports approach and the characteristics, advantages and limitations of the methodologies used for its study. It also provides updated statistics that reflect the global tendencies of physical activity in rural Cuba and in the specific case of La Picadora community in the northern center of the archipelago.