This book presents a bibliographic review of teaching practice and its current challenges. In their daily activities, teachers carry out various tasks and are primarily responsible for the teaching-learning process. Thus, a deeper understanding of the concepts underlying teaching practices and contemporary challenges is important for reflecting on the daily work of teachers, given the complexity and multiple demands of their profession. We sought to reflect on the concepts and meanings of this professional activity and the transformations in the world of work, which have represented important challenges for teaching practice, especially in the context of professional education in the face of local development.