The advent of digital technology has brought ICT multinationals to the forefront of the world stage. The cell phone networks and web giants, the GAFAMs, are asserting their supremacy in the digital economy. All fields of the cultural and creative industries seem to be affected. The record industry is plunging into crisis, but is gradually emerging from it thanks to streaming. Value chains are being reconfigured. New music consumption habits are emerging. Traffic is escaping regulation. African countries are adapting their policies and strategies to conquer digital spaces. With the Covid-19 pandemic, GAFAMs have further increased their power. What are the issues and challenges linked to these transformations? What actions have been taken, and what can be done, to take full advantage of digital technology?