The Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad is one of the shortest yet most profound Upanishads, forming the cornerstone of Advaita Vedanta.It encapsulates the essence of non-dual reality through its twelve concise verses, explaining the four states of consciousness and the transcendental fourth state, Turiya.This text has not only influenced Indian philosophy but also engaged thinkers across traditions, from Buddhism and Tantra to modern neuroscience and psychology.This study aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of its teachings, comparative perspectives, and practical applications in self-inquiry and meditation.