The Paleo diet, also known as the Paleolithic diet or the caveman diet, is a popular way of eating that is based on the dietary habits of our prehistoric ancestors. The basic idea behind the Paleo diet is that we should be eating the same types of foods that our hunter-gatherer ancestors ate thousands of years ago. This means consuming foods that are high in protein, healthy fats, and fiber, while avoiding foods that are high in processed sugars, refined carbohydrates, and other artificial additives.