This book presents a concise yet comprehensive exploration of eight key thinkers who shaped modern Indian political thought. Each chapter focuses on one figure, tracing their core ideas, historical context, and lasting influence. Beginning with Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence and self-rule, the book moves to Dr. B. R. Ambedkar's powerful critique of caste and advocacy for social democracy. Jawaharlal Nehru's vision of parliamentary democracy, secularism, and non-alignment follows, alongside Ram Manohar Lohia's unique blend of socialism and Gandhian principles. Jayaprakash Narayan's call for Total Revolution and partyless democracy is also examined. The analytical contributions of Rajni Kothari, including his theory of the Congress System and emphasis on participatory democracy, are explored next. Partha Chatterjee's insights into postcolonial governance and nationalism, and Bhikhu Parekh's theory of multiculturalism and intercultural dialogue conclude the volume. Together, these chapters reflect the diverse, evolving debates shaping India's political landscape and its quest for justice, equality, and democratic values.